Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Thermal Comfort Conditions in Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869607124040069
EDN: MOEWKI
Abstract
The investigation of cold stress conditions in Kazakhstan is motivated by the lack of generalized studies of thermal comfort for the country, the high social and economic consequences of extreme cold conditions for the region and the observed significant trends in air temperature and precipitation in the region. Basing on 3-hour data for 13 cities of Kazakhstan the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of thermal comfort over the territory of Kazakhstan were analyzed. The wind-chill index (WCI) was used to assess cold stress, and the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was used for the warm period. It was shown that the coldest region of Kazakhstan is the North with the maximum amount of days with cold stress conditions in Astana and Petropavlovsk. The maximum number of days with cold stress occurs in January and February, the minimum is in March, and in October cold stress is not recorded on the territory of the Republic. High heat stress was recorded in all regions of Kazakhstan during all 6 months of the warm half-year. The maximum repeatability of high heat stress (PET index exceeding +35°C) is documented in Almaty and Shymkent. The spatial distribution of thermal comfort is governed mainly by atmosphere circulation in winter and radiation conditions in summer, which is characteristic of continental climate. The interannual variability of cold stress conditions has no pronounced trend and is irregular due to the specific of synoptic processes in a particular year. During the warm period in most cities, the number of days with high thermal stress increases toward the end of the period in accordance with the positive temperature trend. It was revealed that the most thermally comfortable cities in Kazakhstan are Kokshetau and Kostanay, the most thermally uncomfortable ones are Almaty and Shymkent. It is shown that despite the fact that Kazakhstan is traditionally considered as a country with severe winter conditions, the summer period is the dominant factor for the conditions of thermal discomfort in the Republic.
About the Authors
D. Yu. Gushchina
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Gushchina Daria Yurievna, Professor, doctor of geographical sciences, Faculty of Geography, Department of Meteorology and Climatology
Moscow
tel: +7 903 121-59-22
Z. T. Muhtarova
Kazakhstan Branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Muhtarova Zhanel Toleuhanovna, Student, Department of Ecology and Nature Management
Astana
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For citations:
Gushchina D.Yu., Muhtarova Z.T. Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Thermal Comfort Conditions in Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society. 2024;156(4):311-339. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869607124040069. EDN: MOEWKI
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