Development of Winter Phytoplankton of Lake Onego in Connection with Physical and Chemical Conditions of the Environment

The article represents development of winter phytoplankton in different areas of Lake Onego in relation to temperature, light conditions, water color, organics and nutrients concentrations. In April 2022 and 2023, right before the ice breakup, low phytoplankton development was observed. The coldwater species of diatoms Aulacoseira islandica was the main representative of winter phytoplankton. The total abundance, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration varied within the range of 0.13–0.71 million cells/l, 0.06–0.44 mg/l and 0.3–0.8 μg/l, respectively. As a result, Petrozavodsk Bay and the central deep-water part of Lake Onego in winter were characterized as low productivity. The low winter phytoplankton abundance in Petrozavodsk Bay is due to a high water color, which determines the shallow depth of the photic zone and, in addition, deep convective mixing of the water column. In the central part of Lake Onego, the limiting factors for the development of winter phytoplankton were unfavorable light conditions due to the large depth of the convectively mixed layer.

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