directions: the descriptive country study (having mainly humanity character) and natural science or physical geography. The former was closely related with history and up to XIX^th century was an occasion to mention call geography a «history's maid». The latter inherited historicism as a methodological approach to studying the natural phenomena in its continuous temporal changes. Afterwards, in the works of Dokuchaev school geographers it was perceived within the single dialectical-materialistic cognition method. In the beginning of XX^th century the traditional descriptive country study had undergone a significant influence of Hettner's chorology that excuded the historical approach from geography. Historians, having lost the support in geography, initiated the development of historical geography as a special area of science, a sort of geographical introduction to istorical science. In turn, a number of human geography representatives, having experienced the lameness of Hettner's anti-historicism, have turned to historical geography.
The word geography of XX^th century had a bipolar character. One of its «pole» was the Soviet physical geography, the other was the American, so-called regional geography, representing the utmost form of chorological anthropocentrism. Between these «poles» lies a wide «vague» area of different almost or completely divorced schools, mostly empiristic and bitty, intersecting with many individual social sciences. the chaotic state of present-day world geographical thought does not leave a considerable hope of integration trends development, and it spells geography a breakdown into separate branches of konwledge and its decay as a special system of sciences.

At the end of the XX^th century and age-old migration trend changed from centrifugal to centripetal. Over the last twenty years the geography of migrants'arrival and departure regions of Russian Federation hasn't undergone a dramatic change, but the figures of migration balance have varied a lot. The article analyses the spatial localization of migratory movements within Russian Federation over the time. The regions are divided into groups, i. e. into senders and recipients of migrants, which is illustrated by the relevant sketch maps. Bibliography title 9. Illustration 6. Table 3.

The links between the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation are constantly being enhanced and becoming more diverse. However, the interest of national social-economic geography to this country is utterly small. this is especially peculiar because Turkey is currently undergoing the fundamental changes in social and economic life. From a geographical viewpoint, the most important driving forces of these changes are the growing concentration of population in major cities and the shift of population from the East to the West of the country. Life of modern Turkey is determined by the continuous maneuvering between East and West, And there is no certainty where this state will eventually turn