The main development trend of Russian geography in XXth century is based on the works and ideas of natural geographers of pre-revolutionary period. The formation of succeeding geographers' generations was closely connected with the formation stages of geography itself and was broadly determined by the major crucial moments of social history. The analysis of geographic generation changes and human resources structure of Russian geography gas been carried out by the author on the ground of personal sample of 170 geographers whose works fall outside the limits of narrow specialization, have a certain integration value and serve for geographical synthesis. The first postrevolutionary generation had succeeded in 1920s; it was represented by the direct followers of «elder» pre-revolutionary generation, perceiving and developing its progressive ideas; among them were the coming outstanding scientists I. P. Gerasimov, S. V. Kalesnik, K. K. Markov, V. B. Sochava. The following, pre-War generation, that made a statement to the end of 1930s, in many ways pursued the traditions of its precursors, among its representatives were L. L. Armand, M. A. Glazovskaya, E. N. Lukashova, N. A. Solntsev et al. In 1950s the young geographers of post-War generation, who were born after the Revolution, rose to the fore. The strong fellowship of geographers belonging to four generations had been formed to finally set the status of complex physical geography as a core of the geographical sciences system. However, the great gap remained between two geographies, physical and economic. Towards the end of 1960s the new generation began to take its shape, having the uprising geographical challenges ahead. Destruction of the Soviet Union and following crisis adversely affected on the state of Russian geography, and the perspectives of further successive change of generations appear to be quite vague.

A method of allocation of partial geosystem with the unity of intercomponent relations type for different hierarchical levels based on a number of complementary modern concepts of landscape structure is proposed. Multi-regression modelling is applied to define the correspondence between variation of the joined group of landscape components and the processes specific to several hierarchic levels of landscape organization. Deviation of soil and vegetation characteristics predicted by the equations from observed ones are used for outlining the areals of geosystems conforming a single differentiation factor. By the example of mixed forests landscapes of bedded plains of South-Western Udmurtia the different options of poly-scale organization of landscape components variation are given. It is established that anthropogenic and intrazonal processes exclude the significant cart of a landscape from the areal of partial geosystems determined by the redistribution of mineral nutrition.

Through drilling of Arctic and Antarctic glacial sheets shows the absence of glacial exaration of bed rock. So called debris-containing ice does not contain boulders and block masses, only invasions of volcanic ash and fine grained terrigenous material are noted. The proofs of fault-tectonic genesis of exaration relief- fiords, skerries, roche-moutonnees, polished and striated rock-beds, are given.

The article presents and proves the thesis of necessity to allocate a special type of republic entities of Russian Federation. The characteristic feature of most of them is limited economic and human potential. The options of economic and social development ways of republic regions are considered with regard to its specificity.