In a market economy, the problems of life support and protection of traditional culture have acquired extraordinary importance for the 26 indigenous peoples of North and Far East (conditionally IPN). Solution of these problems requires taking legislative measures and should be based on consideration of the territorial differentiation of the geographical environment of IPN range, occupying 10 million km², and its ethno-cultural diversity. The article analyzes the landscape structure of IPN area, gives an estimation of its environmental and demographic capacity, and considers the influence of landscape diversity on the settlement of the IPN and the formation of various economic-cultural types. The ethno-landscape regionalization is developed and the summary for the 11 distinguished macro-regions is given.

Spatio-temporal characteristics of the resulting monthly sea-air CO₂ flux for 4-degree latitude zones of the World Ocean for the period of 1980-2010 are considered. The regularities of the annual and semi-annual cycle of CO₂ flux in different lattitude zones and the whole ocean are determined. Trend analysis showed that in most latitudinal zones they are significant. Distinct intensification of the carbon dioxide exchange between the ocean and athmosphere is found. The global CO₂ flux has a positive trend and shows a slight derease (-0.005 Pg C per year). It is shown that up to 1997 the global air-sea CO₂ flux has been increasing, and then it began to decrease.