Fluctuations in dynamics of social and economic development of 120 large cities of the Russian Federation in 2002-2011 on the basis of statistical data on nine socio-economic indexes are investigated. Classification of the cities by types of trajectories on a basis of the vectors of dynamics calculated according to an author's technique of research is executed. Approaches to verification of the received index of dynamics are offered. The possible reasons which have affected trajectories of the vectors of dynamics are considered on the example of Vladivostok, Kazan, Kaluga, Volgodonsk, the cities of the Tyumen region, Rubtsovsk, Dzerzhinsk, Pskov, Kyzyl. The conclusion that the obtained data reflects reality is drawn and can be used for check of different hypotheses of influence of various factors on dynamics of the cities. The analysis of influence on dynamics of the cities of one of possible factors - strategic planning - is made. Known supervision - that in modern Russia factors of the first nature prevail over institutional factors - was approved. Strategic planning can be the additional catalyst when there are also other prerequisites for development, but itself it isn't capable to break the negative trends.

The method of the epure's typing was proposed for the generalization of current velocities' continuous instrumental measurements analysis results. The method is based on the decomposition into the ray according the vector orthogonal basis depending on the vertical coordinate with scalar coefficients depending on time.

In the presented work is the characteristic of a temperature regime of Karelia based on modern data in comparison with the climatic norms of 1961-1990.

The modern regional dymanics population of cities and urban agglomerations in Germany is studied. The method of comparative analysis was used, having revealed the peculiarities of the settlement system in Germany compared to other European countries. The study was conducted in the context of different types of areas: coastal, border, peripheral, metropolitan regions, major regional centers. The regional characteristics of population change were identified as well as some socio-economic factors that determine it.

Author discusses the article by O. A. Klimanova «Cross-cultural analysis in the context of geoecological problems» (Izvestia RGO 2014, vol. 146, N 3). It is shown that the traditional descriptive geography exhausted itself and the term «geography» is outdated. Nevertheless, this area has a chance of a revival as an integrated regional geography. Methodological basis for a comprehensive regional analysis and synthesis must be the reliance on the landscape structure of the study area and the historical-geographical approach, i. e. the study of the formation of integrated regional systems from the beginning of settlement and land development to the present day. It should not be limited to the traditional aiming on description of large territorial units, and must keep in mind the whole system of territorial differentiation from top to bottom, as is customary in the modern landscape studies. Scientific and applied problems that affect all areas of geoecology have an interdisciplinary character and, according to the author, are as well unsolvable without reliance on landscape foundation.

A critical look of E. J. Kolbovsky on the contemporary landscape study, reflected in a series of recent publications does not account for the trends of the last two decades. Arguments, reflecting the development of the modern landscape science toward recognizing the stochasticity of intercomponent links, are given. It is proposed to consider the question of discreteness or continuity of a landscape from the standpoint of existence of poly-structurality and multi-scaleness of a landscape. Probabilistic mapping of partial geosystems can serve as a tool for reflection of the discrete and continual landscape borders.

Coincidence of the systemic interdependencies in time and space is a prerequisite for the emergence of a time-space system. According to the author, systems in which both spatial and temporal attributes of their elements can change the nature of the system-shaping phenomena and processes, should be called time-space systems. Transformation of human-geographic space presents by itself such a system. It is proved that not only the social phenomenon which changes its nature under transformation, but most significantly, time and space by themselves could be treated as system-shaping for the subject of this study.